Nick Green
2 min readOct 1, 2024

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It's an interesting phenomenon, but I don't think panopticon is the correct term to define what you're describing here.

The idea of the panopticon is the design for a particular type of prison structure proposed by Jeremy Bentham back in 1791. The concept was to allow all prisoners to be observed by a single corrections officer from a central point, without the inmates knowing whether or not they were being watched at any given point.

That last part is the critical point. The concept was devised at a time where is was physically impossible for a single prison guard to watch all prisoners at all times. In order to compensate, prisoners had to feel like they 'might' be being watched, resulting in them creating a virtual prison guard in their minds to self regulate their behavior. Control was centralized in the single guard in the central tower. This was in an era before tech like cameras.

The connection to 1984 is that the telescreen devices installed everywhere allowed the central power to project the illusion that they might be watching at any given moment, without the public knowing if it was actively happening or not, therefore inducing self regulation. They only worked one way, the people couldn't use them to observe the other direction.

Not knowing if you're being watched or not is the most important part of making a panopticon work. Prisoners wouldn't even be able to see each other, let alone the central guard.

What you've described is more like the opposite of a panopticon, a reverse panopticon where instead of a single guard watching everybody, everybody is watching the person(s) in power. It's decentralization, not centralization. I wouldn't call that a panopticon, I would call it democracy.

The root of democracy is 'demos' meaning 'people' in Greek. Democracy, where people pool their tiny individual selves together to counteract the powerful through force of numbers. It's the promise of what a democracy is supposed to be, holding the powerful accountable to the people.

I think that's what you're describing here, tech allowing huge numbers of people to watch the powerful and hold them accountable. That's the opposite of a panopticon where a single guard holds an entire prison in their grasp.

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Nick Green
Nick Green

Written by Nick Green

Founder of the doujin circle Sasuga Studios // sasugastudios.com //

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